Number to Roman Numeral
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back. Supports 1-3999 in standard notation.
Quick Reference: I=1, IV=4, V=5, IX=9, X=10, XL=40, L=50, XC=90, C=100, CD=400, D=500, CM=900, M=1000
About this calculator
Convert a number from 1 to 3,999 into Roman numerals, or a Roman numeral back into a number. A quick reference of symbols sits below.
Roman numerals still appear on clocks, in film credits, chapter headings, Super Bowl names and building cornerstones.
How to use it
- Enter a number and press Convert.
- Or enter a Roman numeral and press Convert.
- Read the result.
Rules
Symbols: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1,000. Add symbols from largest to smallest. A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900. A symbol repeats at most three times. The standard form cannot show zero or numbers above 3,999.
Worked example
Examples
| 2026 | MMXXVI |
| 1994 | MCMXCIV |
| 49 | XLIX |
| 3999 | MMMCMXCIX |
| 2000 | MM |
Tips and common mistakes
- Break the number into thousands, hundreds, tens and ones and convert each.
- Never write IIII for 4 in standard form; use IV.
- Only I, X and C can be subtracted.
- Roman numerals have no zero.
- For years, convert each part separately: 2026 is MM + XX + VI.
Frequently asked questions
What is 2026 in Roman numerals?
MMXXVI.
What is the largest Roman numeral?
3,999 (MMMCMXCIX) in standard notation.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No.
What is IV?
4.
How do I write 1994?
MCMXCIV.
Why is 4 sometimes IIII on clocks?
A traditional style on clock faces.